三方機械工業股份有限公司

Composition

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1. About the Raw Resin “BELPEARL®”

1.1 Raw Material: Functional Micro-Particle Phenolic Resin “BELPEARL®”

SEM image of BELPEARL S890

• Compared to conventional phenolic resins, it differs significantly in synthesis method, chemical structure, and physical properties
  　　(Resole Resin, Novolac Resin)
• Features: High strength, high heat resistance, high carbon yield, uniform and homogeneous structure, and high safety

Manufacturing Method of Micro-Particle Phenolic Resin “BELPEARL®”

Raw materialsReaction

• Spherical micro-particles with an average diameter of 20μm
• High safety, high molecular weight resin
• Entirely unique reaction conditions
• Precise control of molecular weight and degree of curing

Applications

S Type Binder for Refractories

• Monolithic refractories
• Shaped refractories

S Type Binder for Friction Materials

• Clutches for AT vehicles
• Brakes for trains
• Brakes for industrial machinery

S Type Binder for Composites

• Resin molds for rubber molding
• Automotive washers
• Resin gears for automobiles

S Type Adhesives

• Formaldehyde-free compliant
• Adhesives for plywood

S Type Carbon Material Binders

• Binders for capacitors
• C/C composites

S Type Binder for Abrasives

• Diamond grinding wheels

R Type Raw Material for Carbon Materials

• High-performance MSC precursor
• High-performance activated carbon precursor

R Type Heat-Resistant Filler

• Heat-resistant nylon compounds

C Type Sliding Filler

• Oil-free bearings
• Thrust washers

C Type Conductive Filler

• Antistatic resin for IT factories
• Sheet-type heating elements (floor heating)

Type	Property
S Type	Thermosetting
R Type	Non-melting
C Type	Pyrolytic carbonization

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2. About “BELFINE® MG4”

What is MSC? (Molecular Sieve Carbon)

SEM image of MSC

PSA Flow Sheet

Pore control of MSC (Molecular Sieve Carbon) →

Increase the difference in adsorption rate

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Concept of Enhancing MSC Performance (MG4 Development Philosophy)

Strategy 1: More precise pore control

• Increase effective pores and reduce unnecessary pores

Strategy 2: Increase the volume of effectively usable pores

• Increased interconnectivity by uniform particle size
• Reduced intraparticle diffusion by using smaller particles
• Increased external surface area by pellet miniaturization

Strategy 3: Increase the amount of MSC filled in the tank

• Higher pellet density

Strategy 4: Confidential

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From MG7L to MG4

• Significant and high-level improvements
• Not only by reviewing the firing conditions,
• But also improvements traced back to the raw resin
  　→ Development driven by phenolic resin manufacturer

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Strategy 1: More Precise Pore Control

Conventional BELPEARL MG4

• Conventional BELPEARL: Homogeneous as a material, but size variation exists
• MG4: Size is also uniform, enabling uniform pore formation during firing

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Strategy 2-1: Increased Volume of Effective Pores

• Increased interconnectivity by uniform particle size
• Even under strong compression, gaps between spheres are maintained
  → Enables internal use of the pellet

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Strategy 2-2: Reduced Intraparticle Diffusion with Smaller Particles

Diffusion within particles is slow

Smaller spheres have larger external surface area and shorter diffusion distance

• Diffusion within particles is slow
• Smaller spheres have larger external surface area and shorter diffusion distance
  → All pores can be used quickly and effectively

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Development of BELPEARL Satisfying MG4 Design Concept

• Newly developed
• Uniform particle size and miniaturization

X100X3500

MG4X100X3500X10000

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Summary: Concept of MSC Performance Enhancement (MG4 Development Philosophy)

• Strategy 1: More precise pore control
• Strategy 2: Increased volume of usable pores
  　　- Uniform particle size for more interconnecting pores
  　　- Smaller particle size to reduce intraparticle diffusion
  　　- Miniaturized pellets for increased external surface area
• Strategy 3: Increase MSC volume filled in tank
  　　- Higher pellet density
• Strategy 4: Confidential
  → Innovations not only in granulation and firing conditions, but also traced back to raw materials

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Birth of MG4

• Development of new PSA
• Intellectual Property:
  　- Raw Resin: International Patent Filed and Published
  　- MSC: International Patent Filed and Published

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Comparison of Phenolic Resin Chemical Structures

Property	BELPEARL	Resole	Novolac
Phenol Groups	More than 100	2–5	4–10
Methylol Groups	2–3	Many	None
Molecular Weight	Over 10,000 (Controllable polymerization degree)	100–300	300–500
Aging	None	Unstable	None (unstable if hardener added)
Shape	Micro-powder (spherical)	Solution	Crushed powder (drop type)
Monomer Phenol	None	2–10%	2–10%

Methylol Group Concentration   Stability issue            

Monomer Phenol  Toxicity issue